Wednesday, December 15, 2010

C Language



C Language
or
Fundamentals of Programming
IMP Questions List

1-3 Marks Short Question
  1.  Write difference between algorithm and flowchart.
  2. ·        Explain the importance of C language.
  3. ·        What is format specifier?
  4. ·        What are local and global variable?
  5. ·        Define keyword, constant and variable.
  6. ·        Write a short note on type casting.
  7. ·        What is the difference between strlen() and sizeof() with example?
  8. ·        Why do we use header files?
  9. ·        Define relational operator.
  10. ·        What is an interpreter?
  11. ·        What is the purpose of adding comments in a program?
  12. ·        Differentiate between comparison and equality operator.
  13. ·        What is the syntax of switch statement?
  14. ·        Differentiate between expression and statement.
  15. ·        Distinguish between unary and binary minus.
  16. ·        Write a program in C language to convert the given string in uppercase?
  17. ·        What do you mean by formal arguments and the actual arguments?
  18. ·        What do you mean by functions?
  19. ·        What is parameter passing?
  20. ·        Define array and how we can access elements of an array?
  21. ·        What is the difference between character and string?
  22. ·        Write difference between character and string?
  23. ·        What is the purpose of the return statement?
  24. ·        What is array overflow?
  25. ·        Explain function prototyping.
  26. ·        What are pros and cons of goto statement?
  27. ·        What is the typedef declaration? Give suitable example.
  28. ·        What is the role played by atoi() in string manipulation?
  29. ·        Give the syntax and application of extern storage class?
  30. ·        Distinguish between run time and logical errors.
  31. ·        What is pointer?
  32. ·        What are advantages of pointers?
  33. ·        Define structure with syntax.
  34. ·        Write a C program using pointers to multiply two integers.
  35. ·        What are self-referential structures?
  36. ·        Differentiate between structure and union.
  37. ·        Define text & binary files.
  38. ·        What do you mean by data file?
  39. ·        What is purpose of library function feof()?
  40. ·        What do you mean by enumerated data types?
  41. ·        What is the use of fseek() and rewind() function?
  42. ·        Define a structure student contain name and marks.
  43. ·        Write advantage of union over structure.
  44. ·        What do you mean by Dangling pointer?
  45. ·        Is the following statement valid? Justify your answer
k= (char*) &m;
m= (float*) &p



5 Marks Question


  1. ·        Discuss the structure of a C program. Explain with example.
  2. ·        What do you mean by data types? Give examples of data types available in C language.
  3. ·        Explain the various control statements used in c language.
  4. ·        What is the difference between pre and post increment operator? Explain with the help of an example.
  5. ·        What is the difference between break and continue statements? Explain with the help of an example.
  6. ·        Write the advantage and disadvantage of for loop over while.
  7. ·        Write difference between while and do while with example.
  8. ·        What do you mean by ternary operator? Explain with example.
  9. ·        What are user define function its advantages and write its different types.
  10. ·        What are String functions and write some string function?
  11. ·        Explain with example the concept of passing array to function.
  12. ·        What is recursion? Write a program to find Fibonacci series till a given number using recursion.
  13. ·        Explain with example the relationship of one dimensional array and pointers.
  14. ·        Differentiate between pass by Value and pass by reference with the help of example.
  15. ·        What is a pointer to an array and an array of pointers?
  16. ·        What is the difference between static and dynamic memory allocation?
  17. ·        What do you mean by structure? How does a structure differ from an array?
  18. ·        Explain with examples the various file handling functions.
  19. ·        What different function to handle errors in files?
  20. ·        What are command line arguments?
  21. ·        Explain by giving suitable example pointers with structures.
  22. ·        How can we initialize array and structure? 

 

Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Software Engineering


Software Engineering
Assignment –I

Section -I

 

Q-1  Define Software. Also brief software characteristics and compare them with 

        hardware characteristics.

Q-2  Define SE. Explain SE as a layered approach giving special emphasis on CASE 

        tools.

Q-3  What is SEI CMM ? What is the significance of CMM to software organizations?

        Describe each level of CMM and the corresponding KPAs employed in detail.
Q-4  What is  a Process Model? Elaborate the following process models in detail.
(a)    Waterfall Model
(b)   Prototype Model along with its 2 types
(c)    RAD model
(d)   Incremental model
(e)    Spiral Model
Q-5  Discuss Software myths that exists along with the realities associated with those
        myths.

Section - II


Solve all the questions in this section based on the project that you have done in last Semester.

Q-1 Choose a specific application & indicate
(a)    Software Application category into which it fits
(b)   Data content Associated with the application
(c)    Information determinacy of the application
Q-2  Which process model do you think will suit your product most & why?
Q-3   Elaborate the methods in your process model.
Q-4  Analyze the losses that would be caused if your product fails at customer’s site?

Ch-1. The Product

Q-1. Write short note for the following :-
1. The Evolving role of software
2. Software houses
3. Software Maintenance
4. Industry perspective on Software
5. An aging software plant
6. Software competitiveness
7. Software
8. Characteristics of Software
9. Software Components
10.  Software applications
11. Software development is a "CRISIS".
12. Software Myths  ( Management myths, Customer myths, Plectition myths)

Q-2. Write a paper summarizing recent advances in one of the leading edge
    software application areas etc., A.I, Virtual reality, artificial neural
    networks, advanced human interfaces and intelligent agents.


Ch-2. The Process

Q-1.   Definitions/Short notes/Explain
1. Various definitions of Software engineering
2. Process model  OR  Software Engineering paradigm
3. Evolutionary software process models
4. The formal methods model
5. Fourth generation techniques
Q-2. Explain in detail all the layers of software engineering
Q-3. Explain in detail the generic characteristics of software Devp. and phase
Q-4. Explain the comprehensive model on S.E. capabilities

          OR

    Capability Maturity Model

Q-5. Write the characteristics of key process areas and how they should be achieved at each process maturity level.
Q-6. Explain the following models in detail and also advantages and disadvantages.

1. Linear sequential model / Classic life cycle / Waterfall model.
2. Prototyping Model
3. Rapid Application development Model

Q-7. Explain the following Evolutionary software process models
1.       The incremental model            2.   The spiral models
3.       Component assembly model   4.   The concurrent development model

Q-8. Which is more important.  The product or The Process.

Q-9. Which of the software engineering paradigm you prefer ?  Why ?

CH-3.  Managing Software Projects

Q-1. Define Project/ Software Project
     Function Point
Q-2. Explain contribution/ Importance of "People" toward Software project.
Q-3. Explain the contributions/Importance of "Problem" toward  software project
Q-4. Explain the contributions/Importance of "Process" toward software project
Q-5. Make a list of 10 guide lines that will lead to software people who work to their full potential.
Q-6. What is your role as you are the head of software project
Q-7. You have been asked to develop a small application that analyze each course offered by a university and reports the average grade obtained in the course.
     Write a statement of scope that founds their problem.

CH-4. Software Processes and Project Metrics

Q-1. Define Software metrics, measures, Metrics, Indicators process metrics, Project metrics, Function points.
Q-2. Explain the software measurement and its types.
Size oriented, Function oriented, Extended function point.
Q-3. Explain Reconciling different metrics Approaches.
Q-4. Explain the metrics for software quality.
Q-5. How we can integrate metrics within the software process.

CH-5. Software Project Planning

Q-1. Define/ Explain
 1.  Project Planning                       2.  Project Complexity    3.  Project Size
 4.  Project planning objectives      5.  Decomposition               6.  Estimation model  
 7.  Automated Estimation Models.
Q-2. Explain obtaining information necessary for scope with an example for software scope.
Q-3. Explain the accomplishment of resources for software development.
Q-4. Explain how to estimate software costing with an example Project.
Q-5. Explain the following Decomposition Techniques in detail with example 
  1.  Software sizing  2.  Problem - based estimation   3.  Loc base estimation
  4.  FP based estimation  5.  Process based estimation.
Q-6. Explain the following Imperial estimation models in detail.
  1. The structure of Estimation Model
  2. The COCOMO Model
  3. The software equation
Q-7. Explain the make - buy decision and how it can be achieved in regular work.
Q-8. Design system/software for all the above function

CH-6. RISK Management

Q-1Define /Explain
1.  Software Risks  2.  Risk projection
Why the Risk Management is necessary in Software

Q-2Explain the following types of Risk.
1. Product size Risk          2. Business impact Risk       3. Customer related risk            
4. Process risk                     5. Technology risk           6. Developmental Environment Risk  7. Staff size and experience  8. Risk components and drives


Q-3Explain the following activities which are leading to risk projection by project planners?
1. Developing a risk table
2. Assessing Risk impact
3. Risk Assessment

Q-4Write the short notes in the following
1. Risk Mitigation              2. Risk Monitoring                 3. Risk Management

Q-5Provide the outlives of RMMM plan

Q-6Describe five software application areas is which software safety and hazard analysis would be a major concern.

CH-7. Project Scheduling and Tracking

Q-1Define/Explain
  1. Lateness                         2. One day at a time       3. Macroscopic and detailed  Schedule
  4. Compartmentalization   5. Inter dependency        6. Time allocation
  Allot validation, Defined responsibility, Defined outcomes, Defined milestones, Task network, criticalpath.

Q-2Short note:-
  People and effort
  Defining a task set for the software project
  Defining a task network
  Scheduling
  Project Plan

Q-3Although adding people to a late software project can make it later, there are circumstances in which this is not true.  Describe them.

Q-4Assume you have been contracted by institute to develop "on live examination systems" provide
 1. Software  Project Plan
 2. Draw Timeline chart

CH-8. Software Quality Assurance

Q-1Define/Explain
   1. Software Quality Assurance   2. Formal Technical renews  3. Software Reliability


Q-2Explain in detail the concepts of quality
Q-3Explain all the steps involved in the quality movement
Q-4Explain in detail all the steps involved in Formal Technical Reviews
Q-4Explain the Measures of Reliability and availability
Q-5Explain the Software safety and hazard analysis
Q-6Explain in detail the SQA plan
Q-7Explain in detail ISO 9000 quality standard.

Q-7Research the liberation on software reliability and write a paper that describes one software reliability model with example.

Q-8Acquire  a copy of ISO 9000-9003 documents and how they apply in software context.


CH-9. Software Configuration Management

Q-1Define/Explain
       Software configuration
          1. Configuration Management       2. Software Configuration Management 
          3. Maintenance                                 4. Baseline


Q-2Explain the following in detail
   1. Baselines 2. Software configuration Items  3.Change control  4.Configuration Audit   5.Status Reporting        6. Configuration object      7. Version control

Q-3What is the difference between on SCM audit &  FTR ?

Q-4Discuss the reasons for baselines is your own words

Q-5Do some research on object-obtained databases and  write a paper that describes how they can be used in the context SCM.?


CH-10. System Engineering

Q-1Define/Explain
   Information Engineering, Computer based system, System Engineering Hierarchy, Business area analysis

Q-2Explain the following in detail
   System Modeling,  Information Engineering, Product Engineering,  Information Strategy Planning and its objectives, goals, Enterprise Modeling, Business level Date Modeling, Business area analysis and its modeling.

Q-3Explain the detail the components of product engineering.?

Q-4Explain Modeling the system architecture.

Q-5Develop on architecture context diagram and architecture flow diagram for the computer based system of your choice.

Q-6Select any large system or product with which you are familiar.  State the assumption, simplifications, limitations constraints and preferences that would have to be made to build an effective system model.   
   

CH-11. Analysis Concepts and Principles

Q-1Define/ Explain
  Software Requirements analysis

Q-2Explain communication Techniques and it components  in detail.

Q-3Explain the analysis principles and its components in details.

Q-4Explain Software prototyping and its components in details.

Q-5Explain Software specifications and its components in details.

Q-6Discuss your perceptions of the ideal training and background for a systems analyst.

* Refer Text Book 11(295)


CH-12. Analysis Modeling

Q-1Define:1. Data object, Attributes, Relationship, cordiality, Modality,
    2. Real time systems,   3.  Difference between cordiality and Modality.

Q-2List the objectives of Analysis Model and Explain briefly.

Q-3What is Data floe Diagram ? List the notation used and this purposes ?

Q-4Mention the Extensions word and Mellor, Hatley and Pirbhai for real-time systems.

Q-5Explain the behavioral modeling of requirements analysis method.

Q-6Explain all the steps involved in the mechanics of structured analysis.

Q-7 Software for real-time test monitoring system for gas turbine engine is to be developed.  Do a few research on the application area and conduct a fast meeting with your fellow students to develop requirements.  Build a requirements model of the system using structured analysis.
   ILO, Manufacturing Control system for an automobile assembly plant ,Software for a Video game is to be developed.

Q-8  Contact some vendors of CASE tools and review their literature and write a brief paper that summarizes  generic features that seem to distinguish one tool from other.
   

CH-13. Design Concepts and Principles

Q-1Define/ Explain

Q-2Software Design,  Data Design,  Architectural Design,  Interface Design,
   Procedural Design,  Design Model,  Design Documentation.


Q-3Explain the design process.
Q-4Explain design Principles.
Q-5Explain in detail the design concepts.
Q-6Describe all the components in effective modular design.

Q-7Develop at least five levels of abstaction for one of the following software problems.
  1. A consumer banking application.
  2. A Production automobiles.

CH-14.  Design Methods

Q-1Define/ Explain Short notes.
   Design post processing,   Architectures design optimization,  Interface design.

Q-2Explain in detail the data design and its principles.
Q-3Explain in detail Architectural design and its processes.
Q-4What is Transform mapping and explain its design steps?
Q-5What is transaction mapping and explain its design step?
Q-6Explain Interface design models for human-computer ?
Q-7Explain Task analysis and modeling for Inter face design?
Q-8Explain Design issues for Inter face design ?
Q-9Explain implementation tools for Inter face design?
Q-10Explain Design Evaluation for Inter face design?
Q-11Explain  detail the guidelines for Human-computer Interface design?
Q-12Explain in detail the components of procedural design?

Q-13Develop a design model, a user model, a system image and a system perception for any one of this system.


CH-15.  Design for real-time Systems
 
Q-1Define / Explain/ Short notes.
  1. System considerations for real-system.
  2. Real-time systems.


Q-2Explain real time systems and its components, integration and performance issue interrupt handling, data base, O/S, languages, Task synchronization and communication.

Q-3Explain various tools and techniques for analysis and simulation of real-time systems ?

Q-4Explain all the principles of real-time Design.?



CH-16.  Software Testing Techniques


Q-1Define/ Explain

   Black box testing, White box testing.

Q-2Explain objectives and principles in software testing fundamentals.

Q-3Explain BASIS PATH TESTING in detail ?
Q-4Explain the components of control structure testing ?
Q-5Explain Black-box testing in detail?
Q-6Explain testing of GUD'S
Q-7Explain testing of  Client/serves Architecture
Q-8Explain testing of  Documentation/Help facilities
Q-9Explain testing of Real-time System

* Refer Text Book Question Page:483-484

        
CH-17.  Software Testing Strategy
      
      
Q-1Define Strategy
Q-2Explain in detail a Strategic Approach to software testing
Q-3Briefly explain the list of strategic issues.
Q-4Explain in detail unit testing
Q-5Explain in detail integration testing
Q-6Explain in detail validation testing
Q-7Explain in detail system testing
Q-8Explain in detail Art of debugging
 

* Refer Question Text Book 514-515.

CH-18.  Technical Metrics for Software
    
Q-1Define /Explain
   Software Quality, FURPS

Q-2Explain in detail McCall's Quality factor
Q-3Briefly explain Measurement principles for Technical Software Metrics.
Q-4Briefly explain Attributes effective software metrics.

Q-5Explain/ short notes.

   The function based metrics for Analysis Model
   Bang Metric for Analysis Model
   Metrics for specification Quality

Q-6Explain in detail metrics for the Design Model  

Computer Graphics



PRACTICAL LIST


1.     Implement DDA, Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm. (including all attributes)
2.     Implement Circle-generating algorithm.
3.     Implement fill-polygon algorithm using  YX-Scan and Boundary fill methods.
4.     Write a menu-driven program for 2-D transformation.
5.     Implement Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.
6.     Implement Nicholl-Lee-Nicholl line clipping algorithm.
7.     Write a program for parallel projection.
8.     Write a program for perspective projection.
9.     Using viewing pipeline and viewing parameters show the different projections of 3-D object.
10.   Write an animation program like a game or moving picture etc.


Theory Assignment
1.Explain in brief various applications of computer Graphics.

2.Write Short Note on:
- Refresh CRT
- Raster scan dispaly system & its architecture
- Random scan display system & its architecture
- DVST (Direct View Storage Tubes)
- Flat Panel Dispalys
- Thin-film electroluminescent dispaly
- LED (Light emmitting diode)
- LCD (Liquid Crystal Dispalys)
- I/P devices used in computer graphics system

3.Write the following algorithm & trace it with suitable example.
  DDA vector generating algorithm
  Bresenham line drawing algorithm
  Bresenham mid-point circle generating algorithm

4.Explain in detail various attributes of line & circle.

5.Explain how colur codes are stored in frame buffer in color
  raster scan display.

6.Expalin how color function can be used in application program with 
     monochrome monitor.

7   (i) Explain various Input Devices.
             (ii) Explain the following terms
a)     Pixel
b)    Resolution
c)     Frame Buffer
d)    Scan Conversion
8 (i) Explain in detail the working of Refresh CRT.
             (ii) Explain
a)     Random Scan Displays
b)    Raster Scan Displays
c)     Color CRT Monitors

9   Write a detailed note on Pixel Addressing and Object Geometry giving emphasis on Screen Grid Coordinates and maintaining Geometric properties of displayed objects.

10  Derive Bresenham’s Line-Drawing Algorithm and Midpoint Circle Algorithm.

11 (i) Derive Scan-Line Polygon Fill Algorithm.
              (ii) Explain the character generation methods with relative merits and demerits.     


 12. Explain the concept of AntiAliasing and write in detail about all methods
      of AntiAliasing.

13. ( i ) Explain General Pivot-Point Rotation and General Fixed-Point  
            Scaling  along with example.
     ( ii ) Write a note on Reflection & Shear along with suitable example.

14. Explain  the pipeline for transforming a view of World-coordinate scene 
      to  Device coordinates with schematic blocks. Also derive window to  
      View Port coordinate transformation.

15.Define point clipping & line clipping. Also derive Cohen-Sutherland line  
      clipping algorithm and Sutherland-Hodgeman Polygon clippin algorithm

16 (i) Show that the transformation matrix for a reflection about the line y=x, is Equivalent to reflection relative to the x axis followed by a rotation of 90 degrees.
   (ii) The vertices of a triangle ABC are A:(2,0), B:(12,0) and c:(2,10). The  
         triangle is scaled with respect to fixed point (2,0) by the factors x=2&  
         y=0.5 then the triangle is rotated about origin by 60 degree. Calculate 
         the vertices of the transformed triangle.